Weaving without a harness – and with new bearing material

The world's first Jacquard machine without a harness
 
It was not until the 1980's that punched card technology for looms was superseded by electronic control systems. The underlying mechanical principle has survived or continues to survive even longer. The individual warp threads are moved through the so-called "harness system", a mechanical connection that uses hooks and pulley blocks or return springs to lift or lower each peddle in accordance with the desired pattern. The individual harnesses are usually operated with the help of magnets.
 
Nowadays, there is a considerably more flexible alternative to this very complicated method. It is the UniShed 2, developed by Gitec GmbH as the world's first Jacquard weaving machine without a harness. In this machine, each warp thread is individually controlled by means of a Piezo actuator. A mechanical oscillation system replaces the traditional harness system that uses hooks and return springs.

The Unished 2 developed by Gitec GmbH is the world's first harnessless Jacquard weaving machine.

Big advantages of the new weaving method
 
This innovation has numerous advantages. Head of development, Roland Michel: "The machines enable absolute freedom when it comes to patterning because the process can be controlled more effectively and efficiently. They work extremely reliably because each individual thread is monitored optically. Moreover, the machines are very compact and consume around 20 per cent less energy. “
 
A first prototype of the UniShed 2 has already been tried out by a user in a field test and further trials are being carried out at Gitec. In the textile industry, the new product is receiving a lot of attention and Gitec is expecting long-term success on the market: "We are convinced that the new technology will replace 80 per cent of the old machines."
 
Sought after: highly durable and lubrication-free bearings
 
The technical design challenges that had to be met when the first prototype machine was being built included the bearings for the oscillating shafts, which have a diameter of 50 millimeters and are moved by servomotors by means of an electronic cardan shaft drive. Roland Michel: "These bearings are subjected to a large amount of stress as the shafts oscillate and the machines work as endurance runners in 24/7 mode.

Head of development Roland Michel (on the right with igus® sales consultant Joachim Mayr) played a central role in development of the UniShed 2.

Endurance runner: newly developed polymer material in use
 
Originally, the standard material iglide® J was envisaged; it is very resistant to wear as a really robust material and absorbs very little moisture. In accordance with the saying "Better is the enemy of good", however, igus developed iglide® J3 as a new material which is characterized by even greater resistance to wear. Depending on the conditions of use, its service life is up to three times longer than that of iglide® J.
 
In addition, the degree of moisture absorption of this material, which has been included in the standard range of products together with 15 other high-performance polymers since the beginning of the year, is lower. This characteristic is also very important for Gitec, as Roland Michel explains: "Our machines are often in use in countries where humidity is very high. There, the plastics can swell when put in storage even before they are used, a factor that affects the bearing clearance. “

At the beginning of the year, igus® supplemented its standard product range with a complete range of bearings made out of 16 different high-performance plastics.

New methods of airbag manufacture
 
The machine, which is currently being used in the Technikum training center in Neu-Ulm, is equipped with eleven modules each with 128 piezo actuators. As each module is supported by two bearing bushings, there are 22 iglidur® J3 bushings with a diameter of 50 millimeters on each axis.
 
With the UniShed 2 machines, Gitec is aiming at the classical applications of Jacquard weaving machines such as clothing, home textiles and – very specially – technical fabrics made of polyester and polyamide as well as GRP/CRP materials. At the moment, new methods of airbag production are being tested in Neu-Ulm. Roland Michel: "Up to now, the airbags consisted of two parts sewn together, whereby each part was first cut to shape and coated. With the UniShed 2, we are now trying out a method of weaving whereby hollow bags consisting of one piece of material are produced. This makes the process considerably easier."

Each module (here, five per axis are visible) with 128 piezo actuators is supported by two iglide® J3 bushings on the oscillating shaft.

As the subsidiary of a Chinese corporation, which concentrates on the process chain of textile production, Gitec GmbH, a company that arose from Grosse, the highly traditional textile machine manufacturer, also has direct access to the practice of industrial weaving. The parent company operates its own weaving mills near Shanghai which manufacture high-quality Jacquard fabric for technical applications.

View of a bearing point